# gambatracker: methodology and coverage > Independent tracker for 32 crypto casinos and 31 CS2 case sites: live bets, biggest wins, observed RTP with confidence bands, on-chain deposits and reserves. Free to read, no sign-up; the site runs no games and takes no bets. This is the long form of https://gambatracker.com/llms.txt: how the figures are produced, what they can and cannot say, and what is tracked. The [methodology](https://gambatracker.com/methodology) page (updated 2026-11-03) is the reference. ## What the site is gambatracker is an independent analytics site for crypto casinos and CS2 case-opening sites. It runs no games and takes no bets, does not recommend a casino, a game or a time to play, and makes no predictions. Some outbound casino buttons earn a commission ([affiliate disclosure](https://gambatracker.com/affiliate-disclosure)); the measurement code cannot see which, and rankings are ordered by the figure in the column and nothing else. ## Reading the site as an agent - **Markdown**: every page is also plain markdown at its URL with `.md` added (`https://gambatracker.com/index.md` for the home page), or at the page’s own URL for a request that sends `Accept: text/markdown`. It carries the page’s main content with its tables and links, times in UTC, and no charts or controls. - **API**: the same figures as JSON at https://gambatracker.com/api, every route described in https://gambatracker.com/api/openapi.json. It answers without a key, limited per IP; a free key raises the limits ([developers](https://gambatracker.com/developers)). An assistant fetching for a person may call it; crawlers may not. - **Crawling**: AI crawlers keep to canonical URLs (the sitemap’s), not the filtered, sorted, windowed or paged views a query string makes; training crawlers also leave out player profiles and share images (robots.txt). ## How figures are labelled - **Observed**: summed from the individual bets a casino’s public feed showed. Feeds are samples, so an observed total is a floor. - **Estimated**: read from the casino’s own public counter (the bets it counted, or the growth of its wagered total). It approximates the casino’s true total and carries the counter’s own errors. - **On-chain**: measured from blockchain transfers to and from the casino’s reviewed wallets, in USD at the minute each one confirmed. Exact for the wallets we know; blind to the ones we do not. Players online and race standings are read from the casino’s own counters: observed values of what the casino displays, not independent measurements. ## Sampling - Every public bet feed is a sample: no casino shows every bet. Some publish about one bet a second whatever the load, some only stakes above a cut-off, and curated feeds (big wins, lucky, high rollers) show wins by construction, so they feed the win lists and records and never RTP. - Where a casino publishes a cumulative bet or wager counter, the counter’s growth over the bets seen is the feed’s sample ratio, shown on [feed status](https://gambatracker.com/status). Bet counts are estimated from the counter. Wager is estimated only from a casino’s own wager counter, or where the feed carries at least 95% of the counted bets; everywhere else it is the observed sum, never scaled up by a bet ratio. - A wager estimate is shown only if it is no lower than what the feeds showed, below 2,000 times the casino’s average daily on-chain deposits (when at least $100K of them a month is known) and below $2B a day; otherwise the observed sum is shown and the hold is noted on feed status. ## Observed RTP and the studio figure - **Observed RTP** = Σ paid ÷ Σ wagered over the sampled bets in a window: a wager-weighted ratio, not an average of multipliers. Windows: 10 minutes, 1 hour, 24 hours, 7 days, 30 days and all time. - **95% band**: r ± 1.96·√Var(r), with Var(r) ≈ Σ(p − r·w)² / (Σw)² over per-bet wager w and payout p (the delta method for a ratio of sums). Slot payouts are heavy-tailed, so bands stay wide until the sample is large. - **Official RTP**: the return to player a game is published with, as each casino shows it, recorded per casino with its source. The same game can carry a different official RTP at different casinos. - **Studio RTP**: the RTP versions the game’s studio publishes on its own site, highest first. Studios often publish several versions of one game. - **Deviation**: a z-score, (observed − official) ÷ standard error, shown as +2.3σ. Hot and cold mean at least 2σ above or below the official figure in the window. With hundreds of games some cross that line by chance, and neither says anything about the next spin. - **Minimum sample**: 2,000 bets and $20,000 wagered in the window before a row is ranked, coloured hot or cold, or flagged; below that it stays visible in grey, tagged “below min”. - **Feed bias check**: before a feed’s bets count towards RTP, its per-game observed RTP is compared with each game’s official RTP, weighted by the inverse of the standard error. A uniform shift in one direction belongs to the feed, which is then left out of every RTP figure and marked “RTP: excluded” on [feed status](https://gambatracker.com/status). It reruns daily on the 7-day window. - Bonus buys are left out of RTP wherever the feed flags them, since their payouts are distributed differently. ## Published figures [Published RTP figures](https://gambatracker.com/figures) sets the RTP each casino publishes for a slot in its catalog against the RTP versions the slot’s studio publishes. - **Compared**: slots whose studio publishes at least one RTP, and the figures active casinos publish for them. A game counts once per casino however many catalog codes list it. - **The same figure**: within 0.02 percentage points (|casino − studio version| ≤ 0.0002). - **Mismatch**: a casino figure that matches none of the studio’s versions. Its reference is the nearest version (the higher of two equally near), and its gap is the signed difference in percentage points. - **More and less**: the mismatches above the nearest studio version and those below it; together they are all of a casino’s mismatches. - **Lower version**: a figure that matches one of the studio’s versions below its highest. Listed on its own, not counted as a mismatch. - **Two figures**: a game a casino lists with figures more than 0.02 points apart. Each figure still gets its own verdict. - **Reading it**: a figure the studio does not list can be a mistake in the casino’s catalog, or the casino may run a configuration the studio does not list. If the game runs at the casino’s figure it pays back more or less than the studio built it for; if it runs at the studio’s, the casino shows players a different number from the studio’s. The pages record that the two figures differ and leave both readings open. ## Originals and crash - Casino originals (dice, limbo, crash, plinko, mines and others) advertise an RTP or house edge in their own rules. It is recorded per casino and game with the source page and the date read, and set against observed RTP in the [originals matrix](https://gambatracker.com/rtp/originals). A flagged cell means the advertised figure sits outside the observed 95% band: a statistical disagreement, not a cause. - Crash and slide are measured from complete public round history: the survival curve P(X ≥ x) against (1 − edge) / x for the advertised edge, with a bootstrap interval over rounds. ## Wallets and on-chain figures - Deposits, withdrawals and reserves depend on knowing which addresses belong to a casino. Attribution draws, most confident first, on public block-explorer labels, the casino’s own transparency or proof-of-reserves pages, community label sets and a sweep heuristic that follows funds from known deposit addresses to the hot wallet. Every wallet gets a confidence score and passes manual review before it counts. - Transfers are classed as deposit, withdrawal, internal or processor; only deposits and withdrawals appear in flows. Reserves are hourly balance snapshots of the reviewed hot and cold wallets. - Chains indexed: Bitcoin, Ethereum, Tron, Solana, Litecoin, Dogecoin, BNB Chain, Polygon, Base, Arbitrum and XRP Ledger. - [On-chain insights](https://gambatracker.com/insights) count addresses, not people, over what the tracked wallets showed in the window; nothing is scaled up to a site’s full volume, and transfers to or from known exchanges, processors, other tracked sites and a site’s own wallets are listed as excluded. ## Case sites - CS2 case-opening sites publish drop feeds, case contents with odds, battles and upgrades. An opening counts as a bet and a drop as its payout. Values are the site’s own item prices in its own coin at the rate it states; no external market price is used, so one skin can be worth different amounts on two sites. - A case with published odds has an advertised RTP: the odds-weighted mean of its items’ values divided by its price. Where a feed shows every drop, an observed RTP comes with a 95% band (odds method: 100 openings and five expected rare hits; sample method: 1,000 openings). Sites that publish only their biggest drops get advertised figures only. - “Outside band” means the advertised RTP falls outside the observed interval: the feed may be partial, the odds may have changed since they were read, or the sample may be unlucky. - Some case sites also run a casino section whose bets are read: they have a casino page too, and count once in totals. ## What the site cannot see - Bets that never reach a public feed: private tables, hidden players’ names and anything a casino does not publish. - Bonus buys a feed does not flag. - Fiat deposits and withdrawals, card payments and bank transfers. - Deposits that start inside an exchange and arrive through its hot wallet. - Chains not indexed, and tokens outside the indexed list. - A player’s net position: feeds show bets, not balances. - On case sites: the losing openings of a top-only feed, a skin’s market resale value, and whether a displayed price can be withdrawn. Where a figure depends on one of these gaps, the page says so next to it. ## Hidden players A bet a feed shows as hidden or anonymous is stored with no name, no user id and no placeholder. A player visible in a feed can ask privacy@gambatracker.com to be hidden: the player page then returns 404 and feeds and leaderboards show them as Hidden, while their bets stay in aggregates. ## Responsible gambling - 18+ (or the legal age where you live). Every spin, roll and round is independent; a hot or cold label describes a past sample, not the next bet. - Observed RTP stays below 100% over any long window: the house edge (100% minus the official RTP) is the price of playing, and the expected loss of a bet is its stake times that edge. No figure on the site improves anyone’s odds. - Free, confidential help: [BeGambleAware](https://www.begambleaware.org) (UK, 0808 8020 133), [NCPG](https://www.ncpgambling.org) (US, 1-800-GAMBLER), [GamCare](https://www.gamcare.org.uk) (UK, 0808 8020 133), [Gamblers Anonymous](https://www.gamblersanonymous.org) (Global), [Gambling Therapy](https://www.gamblingtherapy.org) (Global). More on [responsible gambling](https://gambatracker.com/responsible-gambling). ## Common questions ### What is observed RTP? What players got back over the bets the casino’s public feed showed us in this window: paid out ÷ wagered, so every dollar counts equally. It is not an average of multipliers. The ± is the 95% band. Slot payouts are heavy-tailed, so the band stays wide until the sample is large; we show it rather than hide it. ### Where does the official RTP come from? The return to player the game is published with, as each casino shows it. We record the figure per casino together with its source, and the same game can run at a different official RTP on different casinos. Observed RTP is compared against this figure; the deviation column says how far apart they are. ### What does the 95% band mean? The range that is consistent with this sample at 95% confidence: observed RTP ± 1.96 standard errors, from the delta method for a ratio of sums. Few bets or a couple of big payouts make the band wide. A figure whose band still contains the advertised RTP is not in disagreement with it. ### Why are some rows below the minimum sample? Fewer than 2,000 bets or $20,000 wagered in the window. The figure stays visible in grey but is never ranked, coloured hot or cold, or flagged: with that little data the band is too wide to say anything. ### What do hot and cold mean? Hot: observed RTP at least 2σ above the official figure in this window. Cold: at least 2σ below. Both are statements about past results in the sample. With hundreds of games some cross 2σ by chance. Hot is not good and cold is not bad; neither says anything about the next spin. ### Do past results predict what a game will pay? Hot and cold describe what already happened: observed RTP more than 2σ above or below the official figure over the sampled bets in this window. They predict nothing. Every spin, roll and round is independent: a hot slot is not “due” to cool off and a cold one is not “due” to pay out. No figure on this site improves anyone’s odds. ### What is the house edge and the expected loss? The house edge is the share of every stake the game keeps on average: 100% minus its official RTP. Expected loss is this stake times that edge, what the bet costs on average over many plays. A win on the spin does not change it; it is the price of playing. ### How is a CS2 case’s advertised RTP worked out? The odds-weighted mean of a case’s item values divided by its price, from the odds table the site publishes; the items are valued at the site’s own prices on the day we read them. “Outside band” means the advertised figure sits outside the observed 95% band in that window. The feed may be partial, the odds may have changed since we read them, or the sample may be unlucky; it is a fact about the openings, not a verdict on the case. ### What is a case site’s item price? Every item value is what the site itself credits for the item, in its own coin at the rate it states. We use no external market price, so the same skin can be worth different amounts on two sites. The coin rate and where we read it are on each site’s page. ## Casinos tracked (32) - [Stake](https://gambatracker.com/casinos/stake) - [Stake.us](https://gambatracker.com/casinos/stake-us) - [Shuffle](https://gambatracker.com/casinos/shuffle) - [Roobet](https://gambatracker.com/casinos/roobet) - [Rollbit](https://gambatracker.com/casinos/rollbit) - [BC.Game](https://gambatracker.com/casinos/bcgame) - [Gamdom](https://gambatracker.com/casinos/gamdom) - [Rainbet](https://gambatracker.com/casinos/rainbet) - [Duelbits](https://gambatracker.com/casinos/duelbits) - [Metawin](https://gambatracker.com/casinos/metawin) - [Thrill](https://gambatracker.com/casinos/thrill) - [Winna](https://gambatracker.com/casinos/winna) - [Chips](https://gambatracker.com/casinos/chips) - [Yeet](https://gambatracker.com/casinos/yeet) - [Goated](https://gambatracker.com/casinos/goated) - [Menace](https://gambatracker.com/casinos/menace) - [Housebets](https://gambatracker.com/casinos/housebets) - [Razed](https://gambatracker.com/casinos/razed) - [BetFury](https://gambatracker.com/casinos/betfury) - [Duel](https://gambatracker.com/casinos/duel) - [Acebet](https://gambatracker.com/casinos/acebet) - [Gamba](https://gambatracker.com/casinos/gamba) - [Whale.io](https://gambatracker.com/casinos/whale) - [Spartans](https://gambatracker.com/casinos/spartans) - [Qzino](https://gambatracker.com/casinos/qzino) - [CoinCasino](https://gambatracker.com/casinos/coincasino) - [DegenCity](https://gambatracker.com/casinos/degencity) - [Rakebit](https://gambatracker.com/casinos/rakebit) - [Shock](https://gambatracker.com/casinos/shock) - [Cloudbet](https://gambatracker.com/casinos/cloudbet): on-chain only, no public bet feed is read - [Bitcasino](https://gambatracker.com/casinos/bitcasino): on-chain only, no public bet feed is read - [Sportsbet.io](https://gambatracker.com/casinos/sportsbet-io): on-chain only, no public bet feed is read ## CS2 case sites tracked (31) - [G4Skins](https://gambatracker.com/case-sites/g4skins) - [Key-Drop](https://gambatracker.com/case-sites/keydrop) - [Skin.club](https://gambatracker.com/case-sites/skinclub) - [Clash.gg](https://gambatracker.com/case-sites/clash): also tracked as a casino ([casino page](https://gambatracker.com/casinos/clash)) - [Hellcase](https://gambatracker.com/case-sites/hellcase) - [CSGORoll](https://gambatracker.com/case-sites/csgoroll): also tracked as a casino ([casino page](https://gambatracker.com/casinos/csgoroll)) - [CSGOEmpire](https://gambatracker.com/case-sites/csgoempire): also tracked as a casino ([casino page](https://gambatracker.com/casinos/csgoempire)) - [Bloodycase](https://gambatracker.com/case-sites/bloodycase) - [Casehug](https://gambatracker.com/case-sites/casehug) - [FarmSkins](https://gambatracker.com/case-sites/farmskins) - [csgo.net](https://gambatracker.com/case-sites/csgo-net) - [500 Casino](https://gambatracker.com/case-sites/500-casino): also tracked as a casino ([casino page](https://gambatracker.com/casinos/500-casino)) - [DatDrop](https://gambatracker.com/case-sites/datdrop) - [Rain.gg](https://gambatracker.com/case-sites/rain): also tracked as a casino ([casino page](https://gambatracker.com/casinos/rain)) - [Cases.gg](https://gambatracker.com/case-sites/cases-gg): also tracked as a casino ([casino page](https://gambatracker.com/casinos/cases-gg)) - [Chicken.gg](https://gambatracker.com/case-sites/chicken): also tracked as a casino ([casino page](https://gambatracker.com/casinos/chicken)) - [Upgrader.pro](https://gambatracker.com/case-sites/upgrader-pro) - [CSGOCASES](https://gambatracker.com/case-sites/csgocases) - [GGDROP](https://gambatracker.com/case-sites/ggdrop) - [SkinRave](https://gambatracker.com/case-sites/skinrave): also tracked as a casino ([casino page](https://gambatracker.com/casinos/skinrave)) - [PLG.bet](https://gambatracker.com/case-sites/plgbet): also tracked as a casino ([casino page](https://gambatracker.com/casinos/plgbet)) - [DaddySkins](https://gambatracker.com/case-sites/daddyskins) - [CSGOFAST](https://gambatracker.com/case-sites/csgofast): also tracked as a casino ([casino page](https://gambatracker.com/casinos/csgofast)) - [DROP.SKIN](https://gambatracker.com/case-sites/dropskin) - [CSGOBig](https://gambatracker.com/case-sites/csgobig) - [CSGOCasino](https://gambatracker.com/case-sites/csgocasino) - [CSBattle](https://gambatracker.com/case-sites/csbattle): also tracked as a casino ([casino page](https://gambatracker.com/casinos/csbattle)) - [Hotpizza.gg](https://gambatracker.com/case-sites/hotpizza) - [KNIFEX](https://gambatracker.com/case-sites/knifex): also tracked as a casino ([casino page](https://gambatracker.com/casinos/knifex)) - [Hunt.gg](https://gambatracker.com/case-sites/hunt): also tracked as a casino ([casino page](https://gambatracker.com/casinos/hunt)) - [CSGORUN](https://gambatracker.com/case-sites/csgorun): also tracked as a casino ([casino page](https://gambatracker.com/casinos/csgorun)) ## Slot studios The 50 studios with the most sampled wager over the last 30 days, most first; the full list is at https://gambatracker.com/providers. - [Stake Originals](https://gambatracker.com/providers/stake-originals) - [Pragmatic Play](https://gambatracker.com/providers/pragmatic-play) - [Pragmatic Play Live](https://gambatracker.com/providers/pragmatic-play-live) - [Valkyrie](https://gambatracker.com/providers/valkyrie) - [Evolution](https://gambatracker.com/providers/evolution) - [Donut Gaming](https://gambatracker.com/providers/donut-gaming) - [Hacksaw Gaming](https://gambatracker.com/providers/hacksaw-gaming) - [Gamdom Originals](https://gambatracker.com/providers/gamdom-originals) - [Rainbet Originals](https://gambatracker.com/providers/rainbet-originals) - [Shuffle Originals](https://gambatracker.com/providers/shuffle-originals) - [Elevation](https://gambatracker.com/providers/elevation) - [Roobet Originals](https://gambatracker.com/providers/roobet-originals) - [Duel Originals](https://gambatracker.com/providers/duel-originals) - [Uppercut Gaming](https://gambatracker.com/providers/uppercut-gaming) - [Nolimit City](https://gambatracker.com/providers/nolimit-city) - [BC.Game Originals](https://gambatracker.com/providers/bcgame-originals) - [Colorful Play](https://gambatracker.com/providers/colorful-play) - [Stake.us Originals](https://gambatracker.com/providers/stake-us-originals) - [Terminal Games](https://gambatracker.com/providers/terminal-games) - [Paperclip Gaming](https://gambatracker.com/providers/paperclip-gaming) - [Meta Gaming](https://gambatracker.com/providers/meta-gaming) - [Infinity Labs](https://gambatracker.com/providers/infinity-labs) - [Thrill Originals](https://gambatracker.com/providers/thrill-originals) - [Key-Drop Originals](https://gambatracker.com/providers/keydrop-originals) - [Winna Originals](https://gambatracker.com/providers/winna-originals) - [Betby](https://gambatracker.com/providers/betby) - [Casehug Originals](https://gambatracker.com/providers/casehug-originals) - [CSGOEmpire Originals](https://gambatracker.com/providers/csgoempire-originals) - [Titan Gaming](https://gambatracker.com/providers/titan-gaming) - [Partyhat Play](https://gambatracker.com/providers/partyhat-play) - [Mask On Gaming](https://gambatracker.com/providers/mask-on-gaming) - [Primal Studios](https://gambatracker.com/providers/primal-studios) - [Hotpizza.gg Originals](https://gambatracker.com/providers/hotpizza-originals) - [Skin.club Originals](https://gambatracker.com/providers/skinclub-originals) - [Razed Originals](https://gambatracker.com/providers/razed-originals) - [onebittech_sportsbook](https://gambatracker.com/providers/onebittech-sportsbook) - [Upgrader.pro Originals](https://gambatracker.com/providers/upgrader-pro-originals) - [Housebets Originals](https://gambatracker.com/providers/housebets-originals) - [Gamba Originals](https://gambatracker.com/providers/gamba-originals) - [Massive Studios](https://gambatracker.com/providers/massive-studios) - [CSGORoll Originals](https://gambatracker.com/providers/csgoroll-originals) - [CSGOFAST Originals](https://gambatracker.com/providers/csgofast-originals) - [Rain.gg Originals](https://gambatracker.com/providers/rain-originals) - [Blackout](https://gambatracker.com/providers/blackout) - [BGaming](https://gambatracker.com/providers/bgaming) - [NetEnt](https://gambatracker.com/providers/netent) - [Bad Decision Gaming](https://gambatracker.com/providers/bad-decision-gaming) - [CSGOBig Originals](https://gambatracker.com/providers/csgobig-originals) - [Backseat Gaming](https://gambatracker.com/providers/backseat-gaming) - [Clash.gg Originals](https://gambatracker.com/providers/clash-originals)